Start with the relationship and current program status.
These are separate legal categories. Being emotionally or financially close to someone does not by itself make that person a member of the family class.
| Family member | Current status | Main route |
|---|---|---|
| Spouse, common-law or conjugal partner | Open | Spouse/partner sponsorship; choose Family Class or the in-Canada class where available. |
| Dependent child | Open | Biological or adopted child meeting the dependent-child definition; special custody and consent evidence may apply. |
| Intercountry adopted child | Open | Complete the adoption process plus the appropriate immigration or citizenship process. |
| Eligible other relative | Open, very limited | Orphaned minor relatives or the narrow one-other-relative rule. |
| Parent or grandparent | Paused for new federal intake | IRCC is processing existing PGP files. A Super Visa may be a temporary-visit alternative. |
The sponsor must qualify before the relationship is assessed.
Status and age
Generally at least 18 and a Canadian citizen, permanent resident or person registered under the Indian Act.
Residence
A permanent resident outside Canada cannot sponsor. A Canadian citizen abroad may sponsor a spouse, partner or dependent child if they prove a plan to return when the sponsored person becomes a permanent resident.
Undertaking
The sponsor promises to provide food, clothing, shelter and health needs not covered by public insurance, and to repay social assistance paid during the undertaking.
Income
Most spouse, partner and dependent-child cases have no general minimum income. An income test applies in specific descendant-with-dependants cases and to categories such as parents, grandparents and other relatives.
- 01
Check for an unresolved application to sponsor the same person, an active previous undertaking, or the five-year bar that can apply to a person who became a permanent resident through spousal sponsorship.
- 02
Resolve sponsorship debt, certain immigration loans or bonds, court-ordered support arrears, undischarged bankruptcy and social-assistance issues where the rules make them a bar.
- 03
Review criminal history carefully. Certain violent, sexual or family offences can prevent sponsorship depending on the offence and legal outcome.
- 04
A person in custody or subject to an enforceable removal order may be ineligible. Québec has additional provincial conditions and some federal bars are treated differently in its undertaking assessment.
Use the right income test—LICO does not apply to every sponsorship.
This is the latest Federal Income Table currently published by IRCC (2025), for sponsorship cases outside Québec that require the standard 12-month income assessment. It is not the PGP three-year table and it is not Québec's calculation.
Usually no minimum
No general minimum applies when sponsoring only a spouse or partner with no dependants, a spouse or partner whose dependent children have no children of their own, or a child who has no children of their own.
When this table matters
The standard federal assessment generally applies to an eligible other relative and to spouse, partner or child cases where the sponsored descendant has a dependent child of their own.
Period and form
The sponsor generally shows income for the 12 months before the application and completes IMM 1283 where required. Québec sponsors use the provincial financial-capacity process instead.
Always recheck
IRCC still labels its currently published table as 2025. Confirm the live guide and required form immediately before filing in case IRCC replaces the amounts.
| Total family unit | Minimum necessary income |
|---|---|
| 1 person | $30,526 |
| 2 persons | $38,002 |
| 3 persons | $46,720 |
| 4 persons | $56,724 |
| 5 persons | $64,336 |
| 6 persons | $72,560 |
| 7 persons | $80,784 |
| Each additional person | +$8,224 |
Spouse, common-law and conjugal partner are not interchangeable.
| Category | Core definition | Key evidence or limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Spouse | A legally valid civil marriage; the spouse must be at least 18 and the relationship genuine. | A foreign marriage must be valid where it occurred and in Canada. Most proxy, telephone, fax or internet marriages where a party was not physically present are not recognized. |
| Common-law partner | At least 12 consecutive months of marriage-like cohabitation; any absences should be short and temporary. | Joint residence, leases, ownership, utilities, IDs, insurance, finances, correspondence and a coherent relationship history can help prove cohabitation. |
| Conjugal partner | A genuine, mutually interdependent relationship of at least 1 year where the partner lives outside Canada and serious barriers prevented marriage or cohabitation. | This is not a substitute for dating long-distance or choosing not to marry or live together. The barrier and interdependence require strong evidence. |
| Dependent child | Normally under 22 and without a spouse/common-law partner. | A child 22+ may qualify only if financially dependent since before 22 and unable to be self-supporting because of a physical or mental condition. |
Choose Family Class or the in-Canada class deliberately.
After AOR, a sponsored spouse or partner outside Canada can still apply for a visitor visa and may receive faster processing if the visitor requirements are met. A qualifying sponsored partner living in Canada with the sponsor—and in some cases an accompanying dependent child—may apply for an open work permit under the current public policy.
| Process | When it usually fits | Important consequence |
|---|---|---|
| Family Class | Person lives outside Canada; or lives in Canada but may not remain during processing; mandatory for a conjugal partner and dependent child application. | A sponsor may have a right of appeal to the Immigration Appeal Division after a qualifying refusal, subject to legal limits. |
| Spouse or Common-Law Partner in Canada Class | Spouse/common-law partner cohabits with the sponsor in Canada and meets the applicable status or public-policy rules. | Leaving Canada can create re-entry and continuity risk. This class does not provide the same sponsorship-appeal route after refusal. |
A certificate proves legal status; the file must also prove a genuine relationship.
- 01
Build a clear relationship chronology: first contact, meetings, cohabitation, engagement or marriage, important family events, separations and plans in Canada.
- 02
Use representative evidence across time: travel and entry records, communication, photos in context, shared residence and finances, insurance/beneficiary records, support transfers and recognition by family or community.
- 03
Explain cultural, religious, family, age, language or living arrangements that could otherwise look inconsistent. Quality, dates and consistency matter more than sheer volume.
- 04
Disclose every spouse, partner, child and relevant prior relationship. Non-accompanying family members generally still need to be declared and may need examination; failure can create inadmissibility and future sponsorship problems.
- 05
For a child, establish parentage or adoption, custody, the other parent's consent or the legal authority permitting immigration. Never assume one parent's signature is enough.
- 06
Keep forms, civil records, addresses, employment, travel and relationship answers consistent. Correct mistakes and report births, marriages, separations, deaths, custody changes, charges and status changes promptly.
The financial undertaking continues even if life changes.
Divorce, separation, loss of employment, worsening finances or the sponsored person becoming a citizen does not cancel an undertaking already in force. Québec has different undertaking periods and a separate provincial contract.
| Sponsored person | Federal undertaking outside Québec |
|---|---|
| Spouse, common-law or conjugal partner | 3 years after becoming a permanent resident |
| Dependent child under 22 | 10 years or until age 25, whichever comes first |
| Dependent child age 22 or older | 3 years |
| Parent or grandparent | 20 years |
| Other relative | 10 years |
Other-relative sponsorship is intentionally narrow.
Orphaned minor relative
A brother, sister, nephew, niece or grandchild related by blood or adoption may qualify only if under 18, single and both parents have died.
What is not enough
Abandonment, unknown whereabouts, detention or care by another person does not satisfy the rule while one or both parents are alive.
One other relative
A sponsor may sponsor one blood/adoptive relative of any age only if the sponsor has no living closer relative they could sponsor and no aunt, uncle or listed close relative in Canada who is a citizen, permanent resident or registered Indian.
Accompanying family
A qualifying other relative's spouse/partner and dependent children coming to Canada must be included in the same application.
Intercountry adoption has two coordinated processes.
- 01
Contact the adoption authority in the sponsor's province or territory before committing to a child or foreign process. Country restrictions, the Hague Convention and local child-protection law may apply.
- 02
Complete the adoption process with both the province/territory and the child's country. IRCC does not replace those adoption authorities.
- 03
Choose the citizenship or immigration process. Eligibility depends in part on the adoptive parent's citizenship and whether the child will live in Canada immediately.
- 04
The adoption must be legal, in the child's best interests, create a genuine parent-child relationship and not be primarily for immigration or citizenship status.
- 05
Use a separate application for every adopted child, even siblings. Do not arrange travel before the required adoption and immigration/citizenship approvals are complete.
Parents and Grandparents Program: new intake is paused.
Federal status
IRCC paused the PGP on July 15, 2026. It will not accept new interest-to-sponsor forms or issue new invitations until further notice, but existing applications continue.
Income
When intake is available, the sponsor generally proves the required income for each of the 3 tax years before applying; a spouse or common-law partner may co-sign if eligible.
Family size
The calculation includes the sponsor, applicable spouse/partner and dependants, people covered by active undertakings, and the people being sponsored with their qualifying dependants.
Super Visa
A parent or grandparent may consider a Super Visa for temporary extended visits. It is not permanent residence and has separate invitation, income, insurance, medical and admissibility rules.
PGP uses a separate three-year income table.
These figures are the official table for the 2025 PGP intake and are relevant to invited or existing 2025-intake applications. The program is paused for new intake, so this is not a new 2026 intake table.
| Family size | 2024 tax year | 2023 tax year | 2022 tax year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 persons | $47,549 | $44,530 | $43,082 |
| 3 persons | $58,456 | $54,743 | $52,965 |
| 4 persons | $70,972 | $66,466 | $64,306 |
| 5 persons | $80,496 | $75,384 | $72,935 |
| 6 persons | $90,784 | $85,020 | $82,259 |
| 7 persons | $101,075 | $94,658 | $91,582 |
| Each additional person | +$10,291 | +$9,636 | +$9,324 |
- 01
The sponsor—and eligible co-signer, if used—must meet the applicable amount for every one of the three tax years, not an average across the years.
- 02
Family size can change by tax year. Count the sponsor, applicable spouse or partner, dependent children, persons covered by active undertakings, and everyone in the PGP application as IRCC instructs.
- 03
Use Notices of Assessment and the exact income-source rules for the intake. Do not substitute the standard Federal Income Table above or the Super Visa income table.
Québec residents complete a second undertaking stage with MIFI.
- 01
Apply to IRCC first. Do not send the Québec undertaking until IRCC issues the eligibility letter or, for an in-Canada spouse/common-law case, the qualifying AOR that MIFI accepts.
- 02
From July 2, 2026 to June 30, 2028, Québec set a maximum of 13,300 spouse/partner undertaking applications and 2,400 parent, grandparent or listed-other-relative applications.
- 03
A staged intake calendar controls when MIFI may receive the undertaking based on the date of the IRCC sponsor-eligibility letter or qualifying AOR. Sending early makes the application inadmissible and it will be returned.
- 04
Dependent children, minor children to be adopted, orphaned minor qualifying relatives and certain adult dependent children are exempt from the cap and schedule under the published rules.
- 05
The undertaking is mailed to MIFI, uses Québec forms and fees, and may require a provincial financial-capacity assessment. Always verify remaining capacity and the current schedule immediately before filing.
Québec calculates financial capacity separately for 2026.
For applications requiring a Québec financial assessment from January 1 through December 31, 2026, start with Table A for the sponsor's family, then add the applicable Table B amount for the sponsored people and any required amounts for current undertakings.
| Sponsor's family size — Table A | Required basic income |
|---|---|
| 1 person | $29,642 |
| 2 persons | $40,015 |
| 3 persons | $49,401 |
| 4 persons | $56,819 |
| 5 persons | $63,237 |
| Each additional person | +$6,418 |
- 01
Table B: no adult and 1 child, $10,261; no adult and 2 children, $16,262; each additional child under 18, +$5,422.
- 02
Table B: 1 adult and no child, $21,682; 1 adult and 1 child, $29,131; 1 adult and 2 children, $32,895; each additional child, +$3,760.
- 03
Table B: 2 adults and no child, $31,796; 2 adults and 1 child, $35,617; 2 adults and 2 children, $38,450; each additional child, +$2,823; each additional adult, +$10,107.
- 04
Québec generally requires eligible income for the previous 12 months and proof that it will continue. Use MIFI's definitions and calculation worksheet; the federal IMM 1283 and federal LICO table do not replace it.
Submit a complete sponsorship and permanent-residence package.
- 01
Choose the exact category and obtain its current document checklist and country-specific instructions. The spouse/partner/child process uses two linked applications: sponsorship and permanent residence.
- 02
The principal applicant normally submits both applications together through the PR Portal. A paid representative uses the representative PR portal; the client must review and personally complete required declarations and signatures.
- 03
Upload signed forms, civil-status and identity documents, relationship or custody evidence, financial documents where required, police certificates, photos, translations and the full fee receipt.
- 04
After completeness review, use the AOR and application number to track the file. Complete biometrics within the deadline in the letter, medical instructions, police/document requests and any interview.
- 05
Keep contact information and family composition current. At approval, follow portal/COPR, passport, visa or virtual-landing instructions exactly; do not make irreversible travel plans before the necessary documents are issued.
Immigration status should not force someone to remain with an abuser.
Do not use a shared email, phone or device if the abuser may monitor it. Immigration options are fact-specific; leaving a relationship does not automatically remove every possible path to status.
Immediate safety
If there is immediate danger in Canada, call 911. Use a safe device and contact a shelter, police, victim services, health provider or trusted support person where safe to do so.
Family-violence TRP
An out-of-status foreign national physically in Canada whose PR depends on remaining in a genuine relationship with an abusive spouse/common-law partner may qualify. Children in Canada without status may be included.
Protection and fees
The first permit can be issued for at least 12 months and a later permit may be possible. The family-violence TRP, renewals, biometrics and related work/study permits are fee-exempt under the current policy.
No testimony requirement
A victim does not need to testify against the abuser to receive temporary status. Safe contact details and any available supporting evidence should be provided.
Permanent options
Urgent family-violence H&C files can request expedited eligibility review. A person with an existing PR application can notify IRCC through the web form and request family-violence consideration.
Portals, tracking and processing times
Processing times are estimates and change regularly. Country, Québec, complexity, interview, custody, admissibility and document requests can materially affect an individual file.
Official sources
Use the authority's current forms and rules.
This guide is general information, not legal advice. Recheck intake, forms, fees, checklist and federal/Québec rules before filing.
